Case Study Business Law And The Federal System Of...

Unit Name: Business Law Year: 2014 Trimester: 2 Location: VU Sydney Prepared by: Robert Alvarez Unit Code: BLO1105 Unit co-ordinator: Name: Robert Alvarez Location: Footscray Park - Room A339f Contact number: (03) 9919 5147 Contact email: Robert.Alvarez@vu.edu.au Teaching team: name: Carlo Soliman Email: carlo.soliman@vusydney.edu.au Student name: Mohamad AL Masri Student number: 4362369 Australia operate under a federal system of government. Essentially this means there is a division of law making power between the central government and state governments. This system was created by the†¦show more content†¦Equity, the law of fairness and good conscience developed to provide fairness in those cases where the common law was simply unable to do so. Under the law of Australia there is a very important part called the contract law. One of the six necessary elements of the contract is agreement (offer and acceptance) should be exist to inter into leagally binding contract. A contract is an agreement between two or more parties that the law recognises and will enforce in necessary. Contracts are essential to commerce and business and are also a fundamental part of our daily lives.Businessess inter into contract individuals, other businesses and governments to by and sell goods, services and intellectual property. Contracts can be written, verbal, express or implied. now many of the contract we enter into are verbal, because of this, many people are often unaware they are entering into legally biding contracts. many of the common law principles upon which contract law is based were developed in the 19th centuty, one of the principles that People intering a contract should have the right to include in it whatever they wish to negotiate the best possible bargain, complete freedom to contract. However, as modern life become more complex, it has become evident that not everyone has full and free options when entering into a contract, practical exemple of thi s include our dependence on services such as plumpedwater supplies, electricity

Economic Indicators A Economic Indicator - 1337 Words

Introduction Economic Indicators are pieces of data that is usually of the macroeconomic scale that is used by investors to calculate current and future investment opportunities. They also help them decide the health of an economy. An economic indicator can be anything the investor chooses, but certain kinds of data that is released by the government and non-profit organizations are widely followed (Investopedia, 2015). Economic Indicators An economic indicator can have one of the three types of relationships to the economy. These would be procyclic, acyclic, and coutnercyclic. Procyclic economic indicators move in sync with the direction as the economy. A countercyclic economic indicator is the opposite of procyclic where as†¦show more content†¦When output rises the GDP increases and when the output decreases, the GDP will as well. This is known as the business. Real GDP tends to take pricing increases into account as well as providing a more accurate result of a production increase. This type of GDP is usually used to forecast sales, stock prices and earnings which are based on a quarterly review on most current information or data. Information that is provided in the GDP would be current supply and demand of durable and nondurable goods, services and structures. Starbucks is a company that provides both goods and services to the consumer. Every business relies on the GDP for m any reasons. Investors use these reports to prepare the company for future planning. Representing close to 70% of the GDP, consumer spending for services and goods like those produced by Starbucks has been the fuel that propels US economic growth. Starbucks would was at 6% in 2014 in the overall GDP for the United States and 7% in China. Starbucks relies on the GDP to help investors better analyze trends and with making recommendations for the overall health of the company. The US GDP is a large contributing factor for investors, companies that helps them with their decision making. When Starbucks decides to invest in a company or product, the GDP is one of the main sources that are viewed for retaining information to help them make the big economic decisions. Unemployment Every company is affected byShow MoreRelatedLeading Economic Indicators1428 Words   |  6 PagesLeading Economic indicators offer statistics and data about the economy. There are a total of ten economic indicators that the conference board uses to gather statistics and data to determine the status of the economy and what is expected. This helps them determine what businesses and people should and should not do for the future of the economy Three leading economic indicators that have been on the media lately are the average weekly hours and manufacturing, manufacturers new orders, consumerRead More Economic Indicators Essay535 Words   |  3 Pages Economic Indicators nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;For the individual who watches CNN a great deal, the term Economic Indicators well recognized. 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Atlantis the Lost Empire free essay sample

This is a research paper on Atlantis I did in school a couple of years ago. The images that accompany it can be found here It is in the nature of humanity to believe in things that cannot be proven. Every civilization in history has legends and myths. The legend of Atlantis, a lost continent, has survived for over 2000 years, a myth found in many texts and movies. Writers have created whole pantheons for Atlantis. While there may have been an island that sank in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, Plato’s Atlantis is hidden in the remnants of a destroyed civilization in the Mediterranean Sea. Plato tells the readers of Timaeus â€Å"In a single day and night of misfortune all your warlike men [the Greeks] in a body sank into the earth, and the island of Atlantis in a like manner disappeared in the depths of the sea (Plato â€Å"Timaeus† 446). We will write a custom essay sample on Atlantis the Lost Empire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † In his dialogues, Atlantis is an island, ringed by water, ringed by earth, which is in turn ringed by water with one more ring of land surrounding the island, all in concentric circles (see figure 1). These islands were divided between the ten kings of Atlantis. The Atlanteans built a grand temple of gold and orichalcum (a metal second in value only to gold), dedicated to Poseidon. This temple, along with a magnificent castle, sat on a hill in the center circle. In order to have access to the center of the island, the Atlanteans constructed a canal: â€Å"Beginning from the sea they bored a canal of three hundred feet in width and one hundred feet in depth and fifty stadia [5. 75 miles] in length . . . (Plato â€Å"Critias† 482)† (See figure 2). The canal led to the development of a grand harbor, from which thousands of ships sailed for trade, exploration and empire building. Atlantis conquered all of the Mediterranean except for Greece (the nation that eventually defeated them). They had the strongest navy their world had ever seen, and a technological advantage over all of their enemies. Atlantis supposedly possessed hot and cold running water, plumbing, and many â€Å"modern† conveniences. Their technology made their lives easier, so they had many artisans and wonderful architecture (Plato â€Å"Critias† 483). Even though Atlantis had this technology, they had a religious festival that utilized the most primitive of weapons. The ten kings of the island would hunt a bull using nooses, rather than impale it with spears or arrows, then sacrifice the bull to Poseidon, their patron and, according to Plato, their ancestor. After the sacrifice, the Atlantean monarchs would sit in judgment over their empire. Atlantis met its end at the hands of the Athenians. The Athenian army had grown tired of the domination of the Atlanteans, and fought a bitter battle with them for dominion of the Mediterranean Sea. When the Greeks won, the Atlantean army returned to their island, which was racked by waves and earthquakes until it sank into the depths of the sea. Plato tells a fine story, but some argue that it was simply an analogy for a utopian society that grew corrupt. Plato had invented other lands for the purposes of edification. Atlantis could be just like these other lands that only existed in Plato’s imagination. It has the hallmarks of an epic legend – a race of men that were the children of a god (Poseidon), advanced technology and a mysterious end. Also, he says, â€Å"They despised everything but virtue (Plato â€Å"Critias† 485). † To the Athenians, that would have seemed an optimal civilization. People still wonder if such a perfect place could have existed. There are many reasons to accept Atlantis as real. First, we have the words of Plato himself. He states numerous times that it was a true story, something he never did for his purely fictional nations. In addition, he says that he heard the story from Solon, the great lawmaker of Athens, who heard it from the Egyptians. Solon was a great man, revered by the Athenians for his wisdom and diplomacy (Plutarch). Plato would not have used Solon’s name to lend credence to a work of his imagination. Second, research into medieval maps by Professor Charles Hapgood and his students at Keene State College reveals a system of latitude and longitude that could not have been constructed in the middle ages, or even by the great Greek, Roman or Arabian civilizations. They did not have the tools needed –making accurate maps based on longitude and latitude requires accurate time keeping and calculus. In addition, these maps are much more accurate than other maps drawn in the same period. Some of these maps show the coast of Antarctica without ice. A map from 1532 shows the Ross Sea free of ice, even though ice cores and carbon dating tell us that the Ross Sea froze over 10,000 years ago (see map 1). It is impossible that a medieval cartographer could have mapped the Ross Sea without the Ross Sea Shelf. He must have copied the map from an older map, a chain that stretched back 10,000 years – into the middle of the Paleolithic Age, the very beginning of the Holocene epoch (the current post-ice age era). According to archeologists, there was not a civilization that had been discovered advanced enough to have created these maps, lending weight to Plato’s tale of a lost empire. There is no one â€Å"solution† to the problem of Atlantis. In today’s society of disenchantment, many say that it was simply a fantasy, a parable to warn the Athenians away from hubris. Some archeologists say that they found Atlantis in the Mediterranean Sea – on the isle of Crete. Yet others say that Atlantis really resided in the Atlantic Ocean, but was destroyed by whatever killed the Atlanteans, and will never be found (Keyes). The realists who say that Atlantis was a story cite the lack of evidence of the historic empire. If it was so advanced, there should have been some trace of the island remaining. These people think that, even if Atlantis was wiped from the earth, some Atlanteans would have been off the island, and we should have seen some trace of their civilization appear in other nations. The very fact that there is no proof for the existence of Atlantis supports their beliefs. Those who take Plato at his word argue that, if it sank to the bottom of the sea, it would be difficult to find. Deep Sea exploration is still being developed, and though the entire Atlantic Ocean floor has been mapped, there is little to no digging under the sediment. A massive disturbance in the ocean, such as an island violently falling beneath the waves, would have disturbed the sediments and left the island covered. It is possible that Atlantis lies beneath the sand at the bottom of the ocean, and that is why it has not been found. Plato took the time to explain what the island looked like, their resources and how it came into existence. Details are the heart of good writing, but Plato simply carries it too far for it to be a story. If it was to be a parable, instead of describing the place, he would have described the government and why they were destroyed, especially as he grew older. Plato died before he could finish â€Å"Critias,† and it was supposed to be the second of a trilogy. He would have known that he was nearing the end of his life he was rather old (about 85) and spent his remaining time on teaching, not describing, if that was why he wrote the story. Another theory, a very recent one, is that Atlantean Kingdom was the Minoan Empire, and the island of Atlantis was Thera. There are many striking similarities between Plato’s account of Atlantis and what archeologists have discovered in a buried Minoan city on the island remaining above the sea. In addition, the history of trade in the Mediterranean allows connections to be drawn, explaining why Egyptians had records of the destruction of Atlantis. Even better for this theory: Thera now lies beneath the waves, where before there was a tall volcano, a volcano that collapsed in a single day as it wreaked havoc on the Mediterranean. Thera (Place of Fear) was originally called Kalliste (Place of Beauty) until the volcano on the island erupted. It was an island where all edible fruit grew (much like Atlantis. ) Little is known about Thera because little remains above the sea. What is known is that Thera is an atoll, the circular shape reminiscent of Plato’s description of Atlantis. The eruption of the volcano would have caused tsunamis in the Mediterranean, tsunamis that caused the floods that Plato asserts destroyed both the Atlanteans and the Greeks. Thera was also home to many springs, which could be Plato’s hot and cold fountains (Plato â€Å"Critias† 482). Thera fits what we know of Atlantis’ geography (Pellegrino). When the volcano exploded, it covered surrounding cities in 200 feet of ash. Now, archeologists are digging up a preserved city buried underneath, one that has been undisturbed for 3000 years. The city, dubbed Akrotiri for the modern city built atop the ash, has murals, pottery, indoor plumbing/bathrooms and buildings that would not be out of place in New York City. These innovations were far ahead of other places, and fit what Plato described for Atlantis. The physical evidence points towards Thera as a place for the birth of the Legend of Atlantis (Pellegrino). The Egyptians give more evidence for the case of Thera. They called Thera â€Å"Keftiu,† or roughly â€Å"Sky Pillar (Pellegrino 48). † When this was translated to Greek, they would have related it to Atlas, the man who was turned into a mountain by Perseus, and on whom the heavens rested (Bulfinch, 118). From Atlas, who was supposedly the first of the ten sons of Poseidon and the greatest of Atlantis’ kings, Plato derived both the word Atlantis, and the name for the Atlantic Ocean. Plato says that Solon translated the Egyptian names to Greek, so it is conceivable that the name of the Lost Empire was translated as well. One more fact calls for the examination of â€Å"Timaeus† and â€Å"Critias† in relation to Thera: Thera was part of the Minoan Empire, an empire that revered bulls. The myth of Theseus and the Minotaur is derived from the Minoan worship of bulls a trait that Plato gives Atlantis. In the myth, Theseus goes to Knossos (Crete) to defeat the half-human, half-bull Minotaur residing in a labyrinth, winning freedom from the tribute that Athens paid every year (Bulfinch 152). The legend of the Minotaur may be another remnant of the Atlantean story. Proponents of the Thera theory have answers for almost every argument raised against the idea. The biggest problem is the location of Thera, and the timeframe of the volcanic eruption. Thera is found in the mid-eastern part of the Mediterranean, while Plato placed Atlantis outside the Pillars of Hercules, in the Atlantic Ocean. Thera erupted 900 years before Plato’s time, whereas Plato says Atlantis sank into the sea 9000 years before he told the story. This can easily be explained by the human tendency to exaggerate when telling a story, much like the â€Å"whopper story† a caught fish, really eight inches long, becomes two or three feet long. Plato may have exaggerated (or maybe Solon did) to make the story sound better. In addition, there is a scientific premise called Occam’s Razor, which states that for any problem, the simplest solution is usually correct. Based on the evidence found in Crete, the Minoan civilization would appear to be the simplest solution to the problem of Atlantis. Artwork from Egypt that allegedly depicts the Minoans tells us that they were advanced, as Atlantis probably was. Based on what archeologists know, the theory seems probable. The largest problem with that argument is that the Egyptians told Solon that the Atlantis/Greek battle took place 1000 years before the rise of the Egyptian civilization. Egyptian society became based on a hunter-gatherer and fishing culture sometime from 10000-9000 BC, about 8500 years before Plato. Unless the Egyptians were ignorant of their own history, either Solon or Plato would have had to change what the Egyptian tale said, since Thera exploded around 1600 BC. They may have done so to make the story sound better, but this evidence detracts from the Thera solution to the Atlantean legend. There is one other possibility Plato took the history of Thera and mixed it with tales of a disappearing island in the Atlantic Ocean. Exploration of the seas has revealed islands that slowly sank beneath the waves, much like Hawaii is slowly sinking today. Other civilizations have stories of disappearing lands, such as Avalon, from the legends of King Arthur, the Mayan land of Mu, and an island in the Indian Ocean, Lemuria. It is interesting that all of these civilizations have stories of vanishing isles, and that we have maps that could not have been drawn by any known civilization other than our own. Deep-sea exploration indicates that islands that used to be active volcanoes slowly sank after they stopped erupting. These â€Å"disappearing† islands may have been seen, and may have inspired the myths of vanishing islands. The myths, if seen by some as more than legend, could have inspired many stories, including the exaggeration of the tale of Atlantis. There is an island on top of what is today the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that disappears in a series of maps (Hapgood 65). Plato tells his readers that Atlantis was in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. That island over the Mid-Atlantic ridge could have inspired the location of Atlantis, even if it did not meet a violent end. Perhaps Plato merged history with myth, creating a new legend that has kept historians, archeologists, oceanographers and novelists dreaming, searching and creating. When searching for Plato’s Atlantis, archeologists need not look farther than Thera, 200 miles southeast of Greece. This may disappoint some. After all, Atlantis is supposed to be more mysterious than a land destroyed by a volcano, but the evidence (and Occam’s Razor) weighs heavily on the side of the Thera theorists. The Atlantis legend has been brought to life in a dig site underneath the city of Akrotiri, but not all of the mysteries have been solved. There is plenty of digging left to do, and many things to be discovered how to read the language of the Minoans, for example. As time wears on, the legend of Atlantis will be replaced by the true story of Thera, a story just as fascinating as Plato’s tale of a destroyed utopia.

Love Essays (1280 words) - Knights Bachelor, Richard Branson

Discuss the conflict that is occurring at General Hospital. ?Conflict is a process in which one part perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affect by another part.? Conflict has different levels present in organizations: intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, an intergroup. In the General Hospital?s case, the conflict that occurred was intergroup conflict. Mike Hammer (the Chief Executive Officer for General Hospital), Marge Harding (the Chief Operating Officer), Doctor Williams (the Director of Medicine and the Physician) had an intergroup conflict. Mr. Hammer was convinced that physicians were doing unnecessary spending. We can see that when we read the part that says that Mike Hammer believed spending was a major factor in the inability of hospitals to regulate costs. We can see as well that Hammer?s and Harding?s goal was to save the hospital money by firing Doctor Boyer, who was the cardiologist who did all the EKG readings for General Hospital. Also, Doctor Williams goal was to making sure that the EKG readings were accurate and given on time. Mr. Hammer faced opposition from the hospital?s board of trustees. The hospital was no longer competitive and was losing money. Mr. Hammer was unable to convince the physicians or the board to adhere to any cost. So, he delegates authority to Marge Harding to resolve the situation. At the end, the physicians had taken a very rigid stand and they did not listen to any suggestion or ideas from the CEO regarding cost containment. The explanation above is classified as Intergroup Conflict that refers to opposition, disagreements, and disputes between groups or teams. Discuss the conflict management styles that are evident in the case. Intellectual stimulation is a component that shows individual consideration. Some characteristic are to focuses on the ?what? in problems rather than the ?who? to blame, to views risk taking as necessary and desirable for long-term development and success, to encourage followers to being innovative and creative, also to not criticize followers? ideas just because they differ from those of the leader, actively seeks out new ideas and creative solutions from followers, high tolerance for mistakes made by conscientious followers, willing to abandon systems and practices that are no longer useful, views risk taking as necessary and desirable for long-term development and success, to urge followers to question assumptions, explore new methods and ideas, and take new approaches to old situations. In this component, Sir Richard Branson used the intellectual stimulation when he ignored his tip management?s advice and insisted on holding onto the Virgin Mega Store retail outlets for too long. When he finally agreed to sell them, they lost the Virgin Group a ?lot of money?. Time after time, Branson has found opportunities in establishes industries by going against conventions. Virgin would not be the company that is today if it had not been taken any risk. It is impossible to run a business without taking risks. Discuss how General Hospital could have used teams to address the cost reductions needed to stay competitive. The reflect inspirational motivation is a individualized consideration that displays great enthusiasm and optimism, gets followers involved in and committed to a vision, inspires others by what they say and do. Also, it is related to idealized influence but whereas charisma is held to motivate individuals, inspirational leadership is about motivating the entire organization. Richard Branson is motivational through to the logical ?If your employees are happy, they will do a better job. If they do a better job, the customers will be happy, and thus business will be good and the shareholders will be rewarded?. Branson thinks that the correct pecking order is employee first and he frequently talks with employees, so motivating the employees first the company will be succeed. Describe how Hammer can use negotiation skills to get buy-in for the cost reductions. We can see the full range of leadership aspects from Richard Branson?s transformational leadership style. He has the idealized influence which provides a role model for high ethical behavior, instills pride, gains respect and trust from his employees. He behaves in ways that result in his being role models for his employees. He is admired, respected and trusted. One of the things Richard Branson does

Economic Activities in Malaysia

LEO Essays - Law Enforcement, Weapons, Police Weapons, Free Essays

LEO Essays - Law Enforcement, Weapons, Police Weapons, Free Essays Less lethal weapons in modern Law Enforcement For decades, the only weapons law enforcement had at its disposal were lethal weapons and physical force using a wooden night stick or baton. New less harmful or less lethal weapons were needed due to the ever increasing violence in our communities and the demand for better crime control, especially after the widespread scrutiny of law enforcement after highly publicized use of force incidents such as the arrest of Rodney King in Los Angeles. Less lethal weapons are defined as weapons that are intended to incapacitate a subject without causing permanent injuries or death while also inflicting minimal damage on surrounding environments. They are often also known as non-lethal weapons, but this is a false generalization as no weapon can be completely non-lethal even when used properly and cautiously.Any use of force by law enforcement can inherently involve a risk of death.The use of less lethal weapons can have physical and mental effects on the individual being subjected to them. The re are numerous factors concerning the environment and the subject when choosing the type of less lethal weapon to deploy. Less lethal weapons use in law enforcement is vital as they frequently are utilized with subjects who have not yet committed a crime, mentally unstable subjects, or those under the influence of an intoxicant. Officers must balance their use with what is accepted as reasonable force to avoid violating a subjects civil rights while, at the same time, satisfying the public that the least amount of force necessary was used. Many subjects use the judicial process to challenge the use of less lethal weapons. Some of the different categories of less lethal weapons available to law enforcement include: specialty impact munitions, distraction devices, chemical munitions, and conducted energy devices. Specialty impact munitions are well known in many forms including bean bags, pepper balls, or batons. The use of specialty impact munitions are intended to cause pain and sometimes sufficient blunt trauma to incapacitate a subject. Low energy specialty impact munitions are used for pain compliance, while high energy specialty impact munitions are used for incapacitation. Some degree of injury is expected to occur as it is necessary to achieve compliance or a momentary degree of incapacitation. The intent with specialty impact munitions is to minimize the amount of injury that is painful. In most instances, bruising is the only injury, however the possibility for further injuries can and have occured. Distraction devices are used to gain control to all physical and mental senses. Common distraction devices include teargas and flashbangs. Tear gas uses a combination of human safe chemicals to put the subject in an extremely uncomfortable environment. This encourages subjects it is used on to leave the area to a better suited area. Flashbangs use a bright flash compound that can temporarily hinder eyesight on subjects. Flashbangs also use gunpowder to emit a loud concussion that hinders hearing as well. This also puts the subject in a state of discomfort and encourages them to leave the area. In rare cases. A hot flash is a grenade type weapon that like teargas. Emits a gas that is human safe to discomfort the subject it is used on. However instead of a chemical reaction. These grenades use heat as the primary source of discomfort. The heat will last for usually around 50 milliseconds and causes the subjects to flee the area. One main cause is that breathing in such conditions is ha rder. However breathing is not impossible. Conducted Energy Devices are those that gain compliance by affecting the muscular system of the body. Common forms of this are tasers. Tasers utilize pulsing electric shocks to the body at roughly 5,000 volts to stun the muscular system. Although 5,000 seems to be overkill. 5,000 is nowhere near enough to cause serious harm on its own. The pulsing electricity causes the muscles in your body to seize and thus hindering anyone from fighting or attempting to leave. Compliance weapons have changed dramatically since the first implementation of batons in the 1950s. With new and innovative ways to either deescalate situations or subdue subjects.

Decolonization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Decolonization - Essay Example This implies that the colonizers were starting to view colonialism as a negative aspect because it led to violence and destruction of economies within the occupied countries. This is because the colonizers were after the raw materials and the riches in the colonies. In addition, the imperial nations could not make sacrifices that were mostly characterized with war in order to maintain colonies. In other instances, decolonization took place because the imperial nations had lost their military prestige, which was mostly lost during wars that the imperials lost. Moreover, there was increased need to liberate people in order to allow them to establish self-rule although this was accompanied by double crosses and bad deals as the colonizing nations attempted to continue holding the countries as colonies. The people themselves also wanted to acquire self-rule that could only be established if decolonization occurred first. These nations fought forcing the imperial nations to pull back. The se reasons among others led to decolonization. We show concern with the issue of decolonization because of one key reason. This is the historical perspective. Here, people can only understand why today’s world is as it is because of learning what happened in the past. Acquiring perspective on the previous occurrences as well as the effects of colonization helps the modern generations to comprehend why today’s world functions in the way it does as well as understand the beginning of modern relationships between nations.